Nicht invasive Hirnstimulation und Furchtextinktion

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Gegenstand und Ziel: Obwohl stress- und angstbedingte Störungen weit verbreitet sind, ist die Wirksamkeit entsprechender therapeutischer Maßnahmen nicht optimal. In jüngster Zeit wurde in einer Reihe von Studien der zusätzliche Nutzen einer nicht invasiven Hirnstimulation (NIBS) bei der Psychotherapie von Angsterkrankungen untersucht. Um die Effektivität der Hirnstimulation in Kombination mit einer Psychotherapieweiter zu verbessern, ist es notwendig, die Modulation von therapierelevanten Lernprozessen besser zu verstehen.

Material und Methode: In diesem systematischen Review werden die Studien dargestellt, die eine Modulation der Furchtextinktion beim Menschen mittels NIBS untersuchen.

Ergebnisse: Insgesamt konnten 7 Studien identifiziert und analysiert werden, die entweder die repetitive transkranielle Magnetstimulation (rTMS) oder die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) bei der Furchtextinktion verwenden.

Schlussfolgerungen: Das Review zeigt, dass mittels NIBS das Extinktionslernen verbessert werden kann. Die Übertragung dieser Ergebnisse in klinische Studien wurde bereits begonnen, sodass damit zu rechnen ist, dass in den nächsten Jahren genauere Informationen zu den optimalen Stimulationsparametern vorliegen.

ABSTRACT

Objective: Despite the high prevalence of stress- and anxiety-related disorders, corresponding therapeutic measures have not yet reached their full potential. Recently, a number of studies have investigated the additional benefit of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in the psychotherapy of anxiety disorders. In order to further improve the effectiveness of brain stimulation in combination with psychotherapy, it is necessary to focus more on the modulation of therapy-relevant learning processes.

Material and methods: This systematic review presents the studies to date that have investigated modulation of fear extinction in humans using NIBS.

Results: A total of 7 studies were identified and analyzed using either repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for fear extinction.

Conclusions: The review shows that NIBS can improve extinction learning. The transfer of these results into clinical trials has already begun and will provide clarity on the optimal stimulation parameters in the coming years.

Schlüsselwörter

Nicht invasive Hirnstimulation - tDCS - rTMS - Angsterkrankungen

Key Words

Noninvasive brain stimulation - tDCS - rTMS - anxiety disorders

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